Zopiclone
Basic Description:
Zopiclone (brand name Zimovane in Europe and Imovane elsewhere) is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. It is a cyclopyrrolone, which increases the normal transmission of the neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system, as benzodiazepines do, but in a different way.
As zopiclone is sedating it is marketed as a sleeping pill. It works by causing a depression or tranquilization of the central nervous system. After prolonged use the body can become accustomed to the effects of zopiclone. When the dose is then reduced or the drug is stopped, withdrawal symptoms may result. These can include a range of symptoms similar to those of benzodiazepine withdrawal.
In the United States, zopiclone is not commercially available,although its active stereoisomer, eszopiclone, is sold under the name Lunesta (see History). Zopiclone is a controlled substance in the United States, Japan, Brazil, and some European countries, and may be illegal to possess without a prescription.
Zopiclone is known colloquially as a "Z-drug." Other Z-drugs include zaleplon (Sonata) and zolpidem (Ambien and AmbienCR) and were initially thought to be less addictive and/or habit forming than benzodiazepines. However, this appraisal has shifted somewhat in the last few years as cases of addiction and habituation have been presented. It is recommended that zopiclone be taken on a short-term basis, usually a week or less.Daily or continuous use of the drug is not usually advised.
Applications:
Zopiclone is indicated for the short term treatment of insomnia where sleep initiation or sleep maintenance are prominent symptoms. Long-term use is not recommended as tolerance, dependence and addiction can occur with prolonged use.
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